Economic Empowerment

ICRW experts present a new framework to help development practitioners better understand how to design and evaluate programs to economically strengthen women.

The U.K. Department for International Development (DFID) and the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) recently co-hosted a workshop to help development practitioners better understand how to design and measure the effectiveness of programs to economically empower women. Held in New Delhi, India, experts shared best practices for strengthening women economically in Asia and unveiled a new framework for how to evaluate programs’ success.

Being able to measure women’s economic empowerment is critical to reducing poverty and achieving broader development goals. After all, women make up a majority of the world’s poor, and economic growth lags without their full participation in markets. But women face constraints that men do not, including gender discrimination, misperceptions about their abilities and gaps in their education. Unless development efforts explicitly take such gender considerations into account, women can easily be left behind, ultimately undermining the long-term success of programs.

The framework presented at the “Conceptualizing Women’s Economic Empowerment” workshop provided a simple outline of what constitutes women’s economic empowerment and ways in which it can be measured. 

More than 40 attendees participated in the gathering from across Central, South and Southeast Asia, including DFID social development advisors and DFID project partners from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, India, Nepal, Tajikistan and Vietnam. The workshop also drew regional and international experts in women’s economic empowerment from organizations that included ICRW, the World Bank, U.N. Women and Women for Women International.

During sessions, participants examined various projects to draw lessons on what works and why. They discussed what women’s economic empowerment means. And they reviewed the new framework, designed by ICRW, for conceptualizing and measuring women’s economic empowerment to achieve results.

The framework stresses that a woman’s capacity to be economically competitive and her agency – essentially, her ability to make decisions, act and control resources – are both critically important to achieve change for women and their communities. Its design reflects the latest thinking on empowerment and ICRW’s expertise on the issue. The framework also was adapted based on discussions ICRW staff had with DFID project teams and participants during several site visits in Asia.

Although women’s economic empowerment is a complex, multidimensional process, it can and must be evaluated. As a next step, participants addressed the need for tools and guides on how to measure economic empowerment in plain, easy-to-understand language; how to integrate measures of women’s economic empowerment into projects, how to build a measurement and evaluation system that tracks a program’s outcomes and impacts, and how to use results to showcase program effectiveness and improve future programming.

Sandy Won is ICRW’s strategic communications manager.

Private companies are increasingly partnering with nonprofit organizations to help women in developing countries access opportunities that can help lift them out of poverty. They’re finding that their efforts are not only good for women, but good for business, too.

She’s a farmer in Kenya, whose maize crops help feed her family while her labor supports a larger commercial farm. But she seldom reaps the full benefits of her work.

She’s a garment factory worker in India who wants to move beyond her entry-level position – not just for herself, but to better support her family, too.

She’s a mother in Cambodia who makes traditional bamboo handicrafts. If she could market her work to tourists, she believes she could afford to send all her children to school.

Each represents the reality of life for many women in developing countries. Women work hard – in fields, factories, markets – but their contributions to economies are often undervalued or unnoticed. Their chance to develop skills that many people today take for granted – opening a bank account, making personal decisions, negotiating with others – is elusive.

In developing countries, many women’s ability to reach their full potential is often stunted by barriers to opportunities that could set them on a path to a better life. In the labor market specifically, women’s status is significantly inferior to that of men. They tend to be concentrated in the informal economy, working as day laborers on farms and construction sites, domestic servants or petty traders. While such informal sector jobs can make up more than 50 percent of the labor market, they often are characterized by lower pay, less security and few opportunities to advance.

More than ever, the world now realizes that when women are denied the chance to contribute to economic, political and social life, the entire society pays a price. Meanwhile, research demonstrates that in countries where women’s participation in the labor force grew the fastest, economies experienced the largest reduction in poverty rates.

The global private sector is taking notice of such results. Corporations are increasingly realizing that giving women in developing countries opportunities to cultivate skills and access education is good for business. Indeed, research shows that companies with operations in developing markets that invested in helping women and girls experienced higher profits.

And when the private sector partners with governments and nongovernmental organizations, they can make a significant difference in women’s lives and the global economy. By applying their individual strengths together to tackle the entrenched barriers women face – a lack of basic rights, incessant gender gaps in access to education, technology and health care – they can help plant seeds of transformative change.

To be sure, such collaborations are no silver bullet. Economically empowering a woman – that is, to help arm her with the skills, knowledge and confidence to earn a viable income and determine how to use it – is not the only way to address longstanding gender inequalities. But it can catalyze a powerful ripple effect in a woman’s world: An economically-empowered woman has more control over her life. She’s more confident; she knows she can rely on herself to make sound decisions. She has more bargaining power with her husband on such matters as when to have children. She’s better able to protect herself from violence and disease. She has options.

All of that, taken together, helps her to be a more productive citizen and lead a full, rich life.

Gillian Gaynair is ICRW’s writer/editor.

This story was included in a USA Today special insert on March 4. Published by Mediaplanet, an independent publisher of focused reports, the insert (PDF) highlighted issues affecting women around the globe, innovative programs for them and expert voices, including ICRW’s Anju Malhotra.