Child Marriage

Eyes That Haunt

Life as seen by an Ethiopian Child Bride

She married at 15 and became a mother soon after. ICRW’s senior writer Gillian Gaynair reports from Ethiopia’s remote central highlands on life as seen through the eyes of a child bride.

A Look Back: Making a Difference for Women and Girls in 2011

ICRW highlights accomplishments from 2011
Tue, 12/20/2011

As we approach a new year, we share highlights from our work in 2011, which marked ICRW’s 35th anniversary. Thanks to all of our partners and donors for your contributions to our efforts.

ICRW marked its 35th anniversary in 2011, and as the year draws to a close, we share some highlights. Thanks to all of our partners and donors for your contributions to our work. 

Passports to Progress

ICRW launched our Passports to Progress discussion series to spark rich conversation about issues likely to shape women’s lives in the coming years. We kicked off the series on International Women’s Day, with a top-notch panel that included Rajiv Shah, USAID administrator, Cherie Blair, former British first lady and founder of the Cherie Blair Foundation for Women, Tim Hanstad, president and CEO of Landesa, and Bobbi Silten, chief foundation officer at Gap Inc.  Our debut Passports to Progress panel discussed how innovative technologies, ideas and approaches have the power to change the trajectory of women’s lives in developing countries. 

Subsequent panels in our anniversary discussion series addressed solutions for ending violence against women and how to economically empower women worldwide. We plan to continue the discussions in 2012, so stay tuned. 

Champions for Change Award for Innovation

We recognized Gap Inc. for its P.A.C.E. (Personal Advancement & Career Enhancement) program this year with our annual Champions for Change Award for Innovation. The award honors an organization working to advance the health, well-being and economic progress of women and girls through their policies, programs and partnerships. Gap’s P.A.C.E. program was developed in 2006 to provide life and technical skills education to women who work in garment factories. The program aims to help them progress in the workplace and in their personal lives.  

ICRW is the global evaluation partner on P.A.C.E., which operates in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.

Gap Inc.’s chief foundation officer, Bobbi Silten, accepted the award on International Women’s Day, saying that the women with whom P.A.C.E. works “are not only changing their lives, but they’re bringing change to the lives of their families and communities. We really believe at Gap Inc. that if we can advance women, we can change the world.”

At the annual Clinton Global Initiative in September, former President Bill Clinton also recognized P.A.C.E. as an exemplary example of economically advancing women worldwide. 

Ending Child Marriage

ICRW’s long-standing work on preventing child marriage – and the issue itself – gained much attention in 2011. We released “Solutions to End Child Marriage: What the Evidence Shows,” which summarizes child marriage prevention approaches that work and recommends a way forward. We saw the issue – and our efforts and experts – featured in major news outlets, including National Geographic, The Daily Beast and Thomson Reuters Foundation’s TrustLaw, as well as at the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. We also were invited to share our insights with our partners at The Elders, who this year launched “Girls Not Brides,” a global campaign to end child marriage.

More than ever, we believe it’s critical that we capitalize on this unprecedented global attention on child marriage. Now is the time to harness this collective will to make sure that no girl is forced to wed and give up her dreams.

Want to keep up with our work to prevent child marriage? Sign up to receive our monthly newsletters to hear about our latest efforts.

Strengthening Women Economically

One of the ways that ICRW helped advance the gender and global development this year was with the release of our new guide to help evaluate whether programs to strengthen women economically are working. We found that a growing number of organizations – from government bodies to private companies – are committed to helping the world’s women succeed economically. But few know exactly how to get there. And that’s what our “Understanding and Measuring Women’s Economic Empowerment” essentially covers.

Read more about what one of the report’s authors had to say about the guide and download a copy of the report.

Teenagers and Gender Equality

GEMS sign

Our program in Mumbai, India, that promotes more equitable roles between boys and girls and less violence grew significantly in 2011. Called Gender Equity Movement in Schools (GEMS), the program and research study  took place in 30 schools, targeting 12-14 year old students. All told, GEMS reached 8,000 youth.

Now, the principles of GEMS are being integrated into more school lessons – specifically, 250 additional Mumbai schools are taking on the program, which will reach upwards of 80,000 girls and boys by 2014. The program also has been adopted in Vietnam’s Da Nang province. 

Working with Men and Boys

In January 2011, we released the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES), a three-year, multi-country household survey that gave a window into men’s attitudes and behaviors on topics related to gender equality. IMAGES offered one of the most comprehensive analyses to date of how men feel and act about everything from changing diapers to using violence. 

Overall, the results demonstrated the complex – and at times contradictory – nature of men’s behavior. And they suggested that while most men accept the notion of gender equality and understand it intellectually, they don’t necessarily change their behaviors – at least not quickly. 

Data from IMAGES provides a blueprint for how to shape or revise policies and improve existing programs that work with men to empower women and promote gender equality.

 

 

Commentary: Generation Girl

It’s time to end child marriage
Mon, 12/19/2011

Every day an estimated 25,000 girls are married off against their will, which leads to tragic consequences for girls and their societies. It doesn’t have to be this way. With growing global momentum to stop this harmful practice, the time is ripe to ensure no girl is forced to marry too young and give up her dreams.

Every day an estimated 25,000 girls are married off against their will. Some are as young as eight years old. Others have just entered puberty. No matter their age, the moment the wedding ceremony ends, so do the girls’ dreams of becoming a teacher, a health worker, a lawyer.

It’s a tragic scenario, but not just for girls. It’s tragic for all of us who desire an economically stable, healthy world. Instead of growing up to be women who can contribute to the overall well-being of their families and communities, most child brides will drop out of school. From Yemen to Nicaragua, many girls will give birth while their own bodies are still developing, leading to terrible health problems. Most will live in servitude and suffer abuse. These are common outcomes of child marriage that perpetuate the cycle of poverty, lack of education, poor health and gender inequity in low-income societies.

It doesn’t have to be this way. Investing now in girls at risk of early marriage can yield lasting social and economic benefits not only for the girls themselves, but their families and society, too. It’s the right thing to do, and it’s the smart thing to do.

ICRW has been advocating for the past decade on the need to end the harmful practice child marriage from a development, human rights and gender equity perspective. We have been putting ideas to practice in countries like Ethiopia and India. And now we find ourselves in the midst of an unprecedented growing movement to end child marriage: The Elders, an eminent group of former leaders like Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson, this year launched Girls Not Brides, a global campaign to raise awareness of the ills caused by child marriage. Other influential individuals also are shining a spotlight on the practice, such as award-winning photographer Stephanie Sinclair whose images documenting child brides have brought the issue into the mainstream. And news outlets such as The Daily Beast, National Geographic and many more are finally bringing much-needed attention to the poorest, most remote parts of the world where child marriage persists.

We must rush to take advantage of the global attention and harness this collective will so that girls are valued for being girls, rather than being considered economic burdens on their families. On the contrary, if they remain unmarried and are allowed to finish high school, girls at risk of child marriage can contribute to a future generation that could break free of the painful grip of acute poverty.   

Indeed, in societies where early marriage is most common, girls are not valued in the same ways as boys. This is not to say that their families don’t love them. Many girls’ parents want to delay marriage, but with scant resources and social pressures, they feel they are left with no alternative.  

But there are alternatives. Harmful social norms can – and do – change. The promising practices ICRW has uncovered are a starting point for creating a more equitable environment for girls. And what’s more, there is evidence that they are working.

Some approaches that address the multiple causes and consequences of child marriage include: Arming girls with information, skills and support networks so they gain confidence and know themselves, their world and their options; educating parents on the long-term economic benefits of delaying marriage; mobilizing communities to adopt social norms that support those willing to buck the custom of early marriage; and offering economic incentives for girls and their families, who often are motivated by poverty and the lack of viable income-generating options.

More than any other time in recent history, this is the moment to redouble our joint efforts and work toward ending the harmful practice of child marriage so no girl is forced to wed too young and give up her dreams. Let’s do just that by making more investments and demonstrating the political will to create the first generation of girls who will rightly worry about finishing their homework, instead of feeding their husbands.

Sarah Degnan Kambou is president of the International Center for Research on Women.

North Indian ‘Apni Beti’ Program Strikes a Blow Against Child Marriage

Mon, 12/19/2011
The Daily Beast

The Daily Beast profiles an innovative program in north India that uses cash to encourage families to keep their daughters in school instead of marrying them off at a young age. ICRW is currently evaluating the program, which was launched in 1994. ICRW’s Anju Malhotra is featured in the article, which was reported by Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, a New York Times bestselling author, fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and ICRW board member.

Leadership at All Levels

Congresswoman reintroduces legislation to prevent child marriage

U.S. Rep. Betty McCollum (D-Minn.)  on Nov. 3 on Nov.oon Nov. 3 reintroduced the Child Marriage Violates the Human Rights of Girls Act of 2011. The legislation has been introduced - but not yet passed - in every session of Congress since 2006.

Forced Marriage Continues in Many Countries

Sat, 10/29/2011
Voice of America

ICRW expert Ann Warner is featured in a Voice of America piece about the prevalence of child marriage worldwide.

“Girls Not Brides” Campaign Aims to End Child Marriage in a Generation

Wed, 09/21/2011
Slate

ICRW’s Anju Malhotra, a leading expert on child marriage, is featured in a Slate article about the launch of “Girls Not Brides,” an international campaign of The Elders aimed at ending child marriage in a generation.

Girls Not Brides

Mon, 09/19/2011

A global alliance is building momentum around ending child marriage. This week at the U.N. General Assembly and the Clinton Global Initiative, prominent world leaders will speak on behalf of millions of child brides worldwide and issue a call to action.

Girls Not Brides is a global partnership to end child marriage and give girls opportunities to fulfill their potential. Created by The Elders, Girls Not Brides will give greater visibility and leadership to the issue of child marriage and strengthen efforts to end it at local, national and global levels. This week at the U.N. General Assembly and the Clinton Global Initiative in New York, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Mary Robinson and Gro Brundtland of The Elders will draw global attention to child marriage by speaking at various events. ICRW has been involved in the Girls Not Brides partnership since its inception and is among dozens of member organizations that support this alliance.

In this new video from Girls Not Brides¸Graça Machel, Mary Robinson and Desmond Tutu of The Elders call on people around the world to action: to end child marriage in a single generation.

Delaying Marriage for Girls in India

Delaying Marriage for Girls in India
Formative Research to Design Interventions for Changing Norms

Priya Nanda, Sonvi Kapoor, Sushmita Mukherjee, Marcy Hersh, Sharmishtha Basu and Rashi Bhargava
2011

This study examines the social norms surrounding child marriage, positive role models, community engagement and government-led efforts to prevent the practice in the states of Rajasthan and Bihar, which have some of the highest prevalence rates of early marriage in the country. Findings reveal that deeply entrenched norms are slowly changing through promising interventions to delay marriage and encourage girls’ education. The report also makes recommendations toward the development of an integrated intervention strategy to delay marriage for girls by enhancing girl’s access to education, empowerment, community mobilization, partnership with media and strengthening of law enforcement.

The study was undertaken by the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) with the technical supervision of UNICEF India and the financial support of the European Commission.

(3.14 MB)

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Insight to Action: Solutions to End Child Marriage

There is increasing recognition that child marriage is a serious problem that violates girls’ human rights and hinders key development outcomes. The latest international estimates indicate that, worldwide, more than 60 million women aged 20-24 were married before they turned 18. As more resources and action are committed to addressing this issue, it becomes important to examine past efforts and how well they have worked.

In “Solutions to End Child Marriage,” ICRW summarizes a systematic review it conducted on child marriage prevention programs that have documented evaluations, and identifies 22 programs with viable solutions to delay or stop child marriage. At this Insight to Action seminar, the authors of the paper will discuss different strategies to prevent child marriage and which elements of each program are most successful. The speakers will explore the next steps in child marriage prevention programming, including how to find the correct balance between scale and sustainability and how to achieve the greatest impact.

This is a brown bag seminar, with drinks and light snacks provided. ICRW will be live-tweeting from the event using #childmarriage.

Please RSVP to Claire Viall at cviall@icrw.org or 202-742-1212. 

Speakers: 

Anju Malhotra, Vice President, Research, Innovation and Impact

Ann Warner, Gender and Policy Specialist

Susan Lee-Rife, Consulting Social Demographer 

When: 
Thu, 10/06/2011 - 12:30pm - 2:00pm
Where: 
International Center for Research on Women (ICRW)
1120 20th Street NW Suite 500 North
Washington, DC 20036
United States
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